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Success psychology

Public statements: 10 errors of the beginning orator

Error 1: Discrepancy

When the maintenance of your words disperses from tone of speech, a bearing and body language, public instantly notices it. The audience possesses a faultless scent as regards concerns moods of the orator and its state of health. If you start to speak «Hello as I to see glad all of you....» A shivering uncertain voice, nervously touching button fingers on a suit — be assured, listeners instantly will have a mistrust and to told by you, and to the most speaking. Therefore instead of «I am glad...» — rejoice actually! Do everything really to test pleasure, addressing to public. Осознанно transfer your positive mood to listeners. It is important — people in good mood perceive the information is easier, they would like to continue contact. If you do not test pleasure, it is not necessary to lie. Better fairly to admit: «Today great day, therefore I worry...» Then you at least will make impression of the fair person speaking truthful things.

Error 2: Justifications

To public by and large all the same, you or not as long you prepared the report and what at you experience of public statements worry. Therefore it is not necessary to be justified before it in style «I the bad orator, seldom I speak before public, therefore strongly I worry and I can act unsuccessfully...» So there begin the speech many laymans, trying to cause sympathy and in advance to receive the indulgence for bad performance. The message, apparently, fair, but it leads to opposite result. Listeners are perplexed: «What for we here have come, even if itself acting recognises, what performance will be bad?».

Public is selfish. In its centre of attention there is first of all she. Therefore from the very beginning of performance on the first place put it favourite: thoughts, desires and feelings of your audience. Your purpose — to inform, motivate or entertain public. Therefore how you speak and that thus feel is important not. The audience thus receives important, what information. It is necessary to speak so that the most part of listeners has felt: you understand their aspirations and desire, speak for them and address to each of them personally. If you operate so, then:

Much more listeners, than you think, simply will not pay attention to your excitement or will indulgently concern it because are interested first of all in itself and the affairs.

Your excitement disappears the more likely, than it is more than attention you give to other people, instead of own sensations.

Error 3. Apologies

This error is similar to the previous. Beginning orators like to apologise, suggesting to remove from them to fault for bad quality of the report. «I ask to forgive me for... (My chilled voice, my appearance, bad quality of slides, too short performance, too long speech etc., etc.)». Public — not the priest also will not absolve your sins. Apologise only for one — for your constant apologies. And is better from the very beginning avoid that, for what it will be necessary to be sorry. If really there is something for what you regret, simply tell: «I regret!». But is better — ability to transform a lack in advantage: «At me today the chilled voice, therefore I ask you to move and sit down to me more close. Thus, having rallied it is even more, we will show, that all of us — one command working in close interaction».

Error 4: Eyes and eyebrows

You are really assured, what well operate the mimicry? Only it seems to the majority of beginners, that it so. Actually to supervise a mimicry to the unprepared person it is hard. Obverse muscles are difficult for operating without training, and the is mysterious-seductive sight and eyes widely opened for fear divide all steam of the millimetres cardinally changing perception.

Psychological researches have shown, that public gives areas of eyes of the orator at 10-15 times more attention, than any other part of the person. Eyebrows — the main element of your mimicry, they not only specify in emotions, but also operate them. Highly lifted eyebrows — an uncertainty and incompetence sign. Pay attention to the eyes and eyebrows. If they speak the same, as your words, public will grow fond of you. Laughing eyes and direct eyebrows is just that is necessary. To listen to you it is pleasant, public is assured of your competence. Be trained before a mirror, write down own performance on video and analyse it.

Error 5: Selection of words.

We hear and we understand separate words before we understand all offer entirely. Therefore on value of separate words we react faster and less осознанно, than to value of offers. Besides, negative particles are perceived later, than other words, and often are not perceived at all. Therefore constant use of such designs as «... Will not bring losses», «... Not badly», «... нене I wish to cause in you boredom long statistical calculations» cause in the listener the effect opposite to expectations of the orator. We are afraid to make efforts ","...

Remember: words are pictures in a head! Not without reason in an antiquity of the teacher of rhetoric spoke to the pupils: «Tell to me so that I have seen it!». Words should create the picture necessary to you in a head of listeners. Therefore use only those words which support the desirable purpose. Let ears of listeners are reached only by that should get there. If you wish to create a positive spirit then instead of «it is not bad», tell «it well». Create positive mood positive words — after all on mood of public depends very many!

Error 6: Absence of humour

To all students lecturers-bores are known. «Influence of external object is connected, first, with progressing emancipation когнитивных functions from primitive affective structures, secondly, with differentiation of affective structures, their autonomism from базальных inclinations...», — бубнит such teacher a solid hour, not noticing, that at listeners brains for a long time have already begun to boil and they have completely lost a narration thread.

Better informative speech — only interesting speech! Add in the serious speech a smile, dilute with jokes, tell amusing history. People need to have a rest periodically. Grateful public will answer you with favour and attention. It is possible to laugh and over themselves if you have made any slip — listeners will apprehend it as a sign of your self-trust and self-respect.

Certainly, nobody demands from you that you told jokes on memorial service. But many themes are too important to perceive them seriously. The laughter is a vivifying environment for brain work. High quality teachers know, that the humour and good mood only add desires to study and do process by more effective. The laughter helps to relax and leads to formation in a brain of such chemical environment in which there is a perception of the new information is better is is proved нейропсихологами.

Error 7: Omniscience

Even worse uncertain and unprepared orators — orators pompous and надутые, bursting from comprehension of own importance. They always consider themselves more cleverly an audience to which address. Get rid of error, that you know more than all other together taken. Even if you are well informed in a performance theme, in separate directions listeners can know much more you. Do not consider an audience more silly you differently to you will pay back with the same coin. Pomposity and omniscience can play with you very malicious joke. So, once all on history of philosophy the student-psychologist has publicly asked to the unloved lecturer a tricky question: how it is necessary to concern philosopher Wallace? The teacher, having been frightened, that will catch it on an erudition lack, long and convincingly explained to the audience which have concealed spirit of an error of this philosopher invented by students on the eve of lecture.

Not to get to ridiculous position, it was enough simple to answer: «Is not present, this author is not familiar to me. If you consider, that its doctrine approaches to our theme, I ask to tell about it in a few words». Openly admitting the knowledge or ignorance, you win still the big liking of an audience. Connect listeners with the new information to the report, be able to estimate their knowledge. It you will kill at once several hares: will show respect for participants and will bring revival in own performance, add and will enrich it. You should be appreciative audiences for active participation, after all it, at least, a sign of interest to your performance.

Error 8: Fussiness

Distracting for fear before the public, the beginning orator can go hasty from a wall to a wall there-here as if pendulum, to make fussy manipulations with subjects (to open-close a chair cover, constantly to play with a pencil, etc.) and to do other unnecessary movements. As a result public starts to watch its movings and ceases to watch a performance theme. How the lecturer moves, it is easy to understand, how much it is self-assured. Constant "circulation" during a public statement is not casual. It gives out desire of the diffident orator to run away. So it also is perceived by an audience. These unfortunate orators and would like to give advice strictly on Archimedes: «Find, at last, a support point!»

Find a suitable place and take of a position, "take root". You can sit or stand is depends on duration of a public statement, features of a premise and so forth factors. The main thing that from the place you could come into visual contact to all audience. It is not necessary to "be dug round" on one place. The orator constantly hiding behind chair and leaving only in the end of a public statement — too not the best variant. Move, but move осознанно, supervising space. Various parts of the report mark position change. It you improve perception of the information and facilitate its storing. For example, you change a position at transition from introduction to the basic part of performance, at allocation of its key parts, and then at transition to the conclusion. When finish the report and start to answer questions of listeners, you again easy and slowly move in space to the following point, etc. Thus you focus listeners in structure of your public statement and instal in them confidence.

Error 9: Monotony

Nothing tyres how the report on the interesting theme, read by a boring monotonous voice. Such public statements it is similar to the Chinese torture by dripping water: water monotonously drips not темечко tortured and gradually drives it mad. All words merge in a monotonous stream and on a speech tonality it is impossible to understand, where one offer comes to an end and another begins. Monotonously бубнящие bores quickly cause irritation and weariness of an audience, listeners hardly restrain not to start to yawn. On the contrary, the skilful orator it is masterful owns the speech. To hold public «in a tone» it constantly varies loudness and force of the voice, giving to it vivacities. When wishes to cause intensity and interest, it conspiratorially calms down and says words hardly more slowly. Speaking more loudly, it allocates the main thing in the public statement. When it is necessary, he adds to a relevancy and dramatic nature voice.

Pay attention to sounding of the speech. Whether you allocate with a voice the key moments of a public statement, the citation, the statement? Whether raise height of a sound in the end of a question? Whether tempo of speech depending on its maintenance changes? Express a voice the feelings and you will win public! You will appear the person assured, vigorous and carried away by a theme.

Error 10: Absence of pauses

Beginners in oratorical craft in panic are afraid of the pauses inevitably arising during a public statement. As a rule they hasten to fill with their different verbal nonsense and hesitation words («Ээээ... Means so... Ээээ... Well, what to tell... Ээээ...»). As a result public thinks: «Ээээ... Well anything to itself! When it will stop to low?» Someone starts to consider, how many time you will tell «Ээээ.», someone plunges into the thoughts and starts to look out of the window not paying on you of attention, the others suffer and consider minute till the end of lecture.

It is useful to remember council brilliant Джулии Ламберт from моэмовского "Theatre": «Main is an ability to hold a pause, it is better not to do it but if left — hold it, how many you can». When there is nothing to tell — keep silent is better, while the necessary words will come. Sometimes time is necessary for the orator to think, will be verified with the records, or easier to have a drink waters. And pauses are necessary to public to comprehend told by you. Experts of oratorical skill use pauses purposefully to receive a feedback from an audience. They actively use интерпаузами during which time public can consider told, and forcing conditions интрапаузами when listeners should foresee the further development of a narration. The pause can be used for an establishment of visual contact to check, whether correctly you have understood; for pressure and dramatic nature strengthening; for curiosity excitation («... And what he will tell further?» ) And for many other things. Therefore be not afraid to do a pause. Usually public perceives their duration much more shortly, than it seems to the lecturer.