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Legal consultation

Barbarian Diordieva - the lawyer, an analyst.
If you had legal issues, the problems connected with realisation of your rights, and also the questions, concerning legislations, write.

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The rights of women in Ukraine

The relation to the business woman in a modern society

Especially sharply the woman feels the ущемленность when tries to compare the position to position of the man. While it compares herself to women, she can feel as a whole satisfied - even despite disproportionate duties on the house. Absolutely other situation when it compares herself to men: in this case to it as to the woman other system of values is applied.

In criteria of an estimation of men and women fundamental asymmetry is found out. The man is always treated as the beginning cultural and active, and the woman - as passive. Men are estimated mainly on the social standing, an occupation, social achievements, women - in system of family-related relations: as sisters, wives and mothers. Therefore at the description of women such lines, as beauty, sexuality, economy are accented. As a result of such one-sided perception a society the women rushing into business sphere, appear in much большей dependences on the social environment, than the man.

In a business life the woman faces that practically all norms accepted in a society, - man's. The men occupying supervising position, subconsciously consider what to be the businessman - means to be the man. On this basis "the glass ceiling" - an obstacle which does not allow to the woman to move ahead on an office ladder according to the abilities also is formed.
Already at employment the woman feels discrimination. For example, it is not so obligatory to men to inform the employer the marital status and employment degree family affairs, women in detail ask on a family, children and about the one who cares of them when they are ill.
This feature was distinctly showed at studying of process of employment.

Estimations to applicants asked to place experts under questionnaires. One of them have told, that applicants of the man, and another - that women. On the same data of the man have received more a competence appreciation! A conclusion: for reception of an estimation identical with the man the woman should surpass it much more.
In other research of volunteers asked to present itself to roles of workers of firm. Them in advance have divided on two groups.
In the first group declared, that the new employee is a man, in the second - that the woman. They should make the representation about the new employee under the following information:
- On a desktop it holds a family photo;
- Its papers are always scattered, but it has submitted the report before all;
- The chief has invited him to a supper;
- It is going to change a work place.
In the first group the majority has come to conclusion, that it the good family man, the creative person, is clever, will soon go on increase, has found to itself a place better and will soon leave there.
In the second group noticed, that the new employee, possibly, it is not inclined to think of work, the sloven, the upstart, tries to make advances to the chief, besides is compelled to change work as here "does not pull".

Two roles

Against man's stereotypes the business woman should learn to combine two opposite roles: family and professional. It is clear, that the professional role of the woman can negatively influence other parties of her life (a beloved, the bride, the wife and the friend). Against traditional female roles professionalism is faster negative, than the positive factor. The woman putting professional interests above kitchen, scornfully call "a dark blue stocking". This neglect forms at it "fear of success"
And "fear of tearing away" - special experiences of the woman, dared to declare the competence both career ambitions and compelled to struggle and with resistance of associates, and pressure of traditions. Psychologically throwings between these roles are fraught for the woman with internal and external conflicts - its emotionality, readiness to help and ability to empathy face aspiration to success and necessity of a competition.
"In punishment" that women wish to be in business relations same, as men, those do not perceive them as women, believing, that in aspiration to professional self-affirmation they lose female essence.
The most unpleasant, that after men and many women (especially those who is not interested in work or has not achieved in it of successes) too concern succeeding representatives of the floor rather with watchfulness, preferring to vote for politicians-men to work under supervision of the boss-man and to use the lawyer and the doctor - men. Such position is connected with comprehension of obvious similarity between the chief and self and unwillingness to recognise deep distinctions - in professionalism, working capacity and intelligence. As a result even women refuse to women-professionals in feminity, considering, that if it the expert, it - "the muzhik in a skirt", equating professional achievements to feminity loss.
Considering these social stereotypes, the woman, aspiring to succeed and at the same time not wishing to get image mannish, can meaningly deform the behaviour. Suffering with feeling of fault that lives "not in a female way", it starts to belittle the successes and uses reasonable efforts to seem to more womanly - tries to look timid, emotional, weak, sentimental, helpless and even near.
Compulsory deformation under a stereotype occurs and in relation to men. Women in the man above all appreciate mind, ambition, erudition and diligence, that is allocate the qualities reached as a result of own efforts, thereby imposing to it desirable vital strategy. Therefore many men are afraid to show the расположенность to housekeeping: a habit to prepare, clean, erase that is to behave as though in a female way. It is known, that the men possessing appearance of filmstars, roles peculiar to them are is more often subject to neurosises as women force them to play, probably, not: brave, strong, noble.

There is an ordinary opinion that, getting to the position giving to it the power, the woman provokes conflicts. However representations about inevitability of conflicts and scandals in which epicentre there will be a business woman, are sufficiently illusory. In practice of it it is not observed almost. Such position has come to light during experiments when was artificial the conflict of two motives is created: aspirations to cooperation, dialogue and friendship and achievements of personal, individual success. Have found out, that men and women behaved differently. Women responded on requests is more often: at them in большей degrees the motive of cooperation over motive of achievement prevailed. As to men they did not respond to requests of the friend even if initially the motive of cooperation at them was stronger than motive of achievement so the female friendship has appeared more reliably man's.

Fear before the woman

The mentioned installations and stereotypes quite often support fear before the woman. Of what women the man most of all are afraid? Severe, sexually insatiable or inadmissibly clever. According to German psychologists if the woman keeps преувеличенно it is proud, it is haughty and self-satisfied - 85 % of men avoid its society. It is revealed, that the majority of men is irritated with the women preferring in clothes bright paints and large patterns. At the sight of the woman with an "attacking" make-up of the man prefer to part or turn away. Therefore it is very important to business woman to find the style of behaviour, giving of, clothes
And a make-up which will allow colleagues and team mate to perceive it adequately.
To the woman aspiring to advancement, it is necessary to understand complexity of position of the head to which on a significant post offer the employee. On the one hand, he does not wish to accept or advance the woman, with another - does not wish to advertise this installation. Many are assured, that to the clever head of it does not occur, however similar problems do not depend on intelligence. Simply clever head at first (sometimes long enough) will be (even with pleasure) to use fruits of business successes of the woman but only then will start to interfere with its advancement, silly at once, having been frightened, that suddenly the woman will appear more cleverly, becomes rough and aggressive. Anyhow, the head should overcome group norms that demands the big efforts as assumes resistance really operating, and not just to the proclaimed social standards.

In this situation he chooses one of three strategy of behaviour more often:
- To deny the fact of its competence: "it is possible, there it and consulted, and at us cannot!" Not wishing to look the reactionary, it approaches to the situation permission through problem narrowing, finding an exit in concrete, a special case. "Generally I not against promotion of women, but really highly competent that in this case, alas, I do not see". To challenge the fact of due competence of the given woman is much easier, here again it is possible to find not only hidden, but also public support of a society. It is the most simple exit;
- To eliminate the contradiction, having excluded the competent woman from the sphere of dialogue. For this purpose in enough any way to deduce this competent woman from collective, from its silent approval: "firm Strategy is that, that at the moment the organisation of this department became inexpedient", or: "It is necessary to reduce quantity of departments, and expediently to begin with department with which supervises over madam N", or: "Let will work to begin with in other department";
- To make increase of the given woman comprehensible to collective: "Well, let's try it on this post, we will look narrowly and then we will solve definitively. After all all of us know, that three previous experts - men - on this position have appeared insolvent". неокончательность the positive decision does for collective this decision admissible. It is the most difficult and rare strategy.
But when the head protests against occurrence of the woman on its industrial field, it does not take into consideration, what not each woman - the woman and not each man - the man. As the modern science shows, each person has both female, and man's lines, but at a various proportion. Special tests have shown, that the person, маскулинный on one indicators, can be феминным on another. Thus, when the head protests against imposing to it of the expert-woman still it is not known who in большей to a measure the woman in this pair?

Cвойства the women, aggravating a competition

Possessing the raised feeling of responsibility, women show smaller tendency to command heights. If the majority of men is preferred by the command management style based on orders, the reference to personal interests, acceptance of rational decisions and encouragement women prefer cooperation, aspire to motivate subordinates, delegating it the powers connected with the purposes and interests of the organisation. For them orientation not on the purpose, and on the process, defining absence of love of power is characteristic. Therefore women-chiefs who are satisfied by work and feel, that them treat kindly, chiefs-men create much less problems with a management at the level, than.
To the unconditional advantages raising professional possibilities of women, it is necessary to carry the force of female intuition shown in a faultlessness of presentiments and an unaccountable insight. Women are more attentive to emotional aspects of interpersonal relations and private world.
Such sensitivity allows them to synthesise great volumes of data of poor quality, so to say "to pull out significant signals from under noise". Such signals also represent itself as the help in the required decision.
Other difference of women (in the majority праводоминантных) - complete perception - ability all field of a problem to see one-stage, and separate arguments - in parallel. This advantage allows them to see at the situation analysis it as a whole, despite essential information lacunas. Other party of such advantage is possibility in conversation to "jump"
From one on another, not losing thus a conversation thread. This ability is usually not clear to men and irritates them, inspiring to them fear before chaos of female thoughts as the majority of them - леводоминантные persons and are capable to perceive events only consistently.
Thanks to more developed attention of the woman often get a job, differing from that, which перепадает to their colleagues-men. If the working task be executed quickly and without superfluous questions, it is received by the man. But if the task difficult, is calculated on long term and "dray horse" (who has abilities and patience to weigh all circumstances) preference give to the woman is necessary. Thanks to the intuitive abilities it sees set of defects and contradictions, that, of course, extends a way to the purpose (execution time).
To displays of female intuition it is necessary to carry also their especial sensitivity to beauty. It is considered, that in general the perception of beauty is substantially caused by ability of data difficult to the simple. The aggravated feeling of harmony allows women to find original creative approaches to technical and organizational problems.
Besides, women in большей to a measure possess feeling of a step, are more sensitive to nuances, to nonverbal signals. For example, they understand, that there are themes which without special necessity to concern it is extremely undesirable - both in friendly, and in professional dialogue.