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The business approach to study
In case the financial position does not allow to pay study in the high school, any entrant rises before a problem which seems till now to the Russian pupils unsoluble whereas for western for a long time already and at all is not a problem. Having looked narrowly at experience of foreign countries, becomes obvious, that practically everywhere there where by definition there is no free education, the mechanism of financing of the people, not capable to pay study independently is provided. It is carried out at the expense of programs of credit formation — both state, and commercial. In what their essence?
In many countries educational credits have old tradition – not the first year students of the USA "on credit" study, in Australia, Austria, to Canada and so forth Often credits act as additional means along with grants, grants and other forms of financial support of pupils of institutes and universities.
Perhaps, from all foreign the most indicative is the system of educational crediting in the USA, where all higher education - paid. Here the large sums on training payment stand out to students on an extent already more than forty years. The system operating during so long period, is fulfilled to the smallest details, - functions practically without failures. According to the state concept, possibility to get the credit for education should be at each citizen of the country.
The American system differs the big variety of forms of educational credits. Depending on the academic abilities of the borrower, a financial position of his family and many other things factors, last can count on one or several various kinds одалживания a money for education.
In the USA to creditor banks return of student's loans guarantees the state. If the student declares itself the bankrupt, the Ministry of Education pays to bank its debts. It is natural, that for prevention of this situation the whole system of preventive maintenance of the student's bankruptcies, functioning so regularly is created, that level of non-returns of student's credits makes in America now is equal 5 %.
Certainly, presence of system of crediting in each country means presence of a problem of default of credit obligations. First of all, it concerns those countries where the credit gives the state. To reduce to a minimum percent of non-returns, various methods are used. In particular, for a long time the scheme of the state educational credit is developed, payments on which are connected with surtax payment. As a matter of fact, this collective solidary compensation by all graduates of high schools of expenses which were incurred by the state on their training. The educational credit is received not by separate students, and community of the trained. Eventually the given community returns the borrowed money. Thus separate individuals can be released from burden of payments in general. One of ways of realisation of the given approach — the taxation of persons with higher education. It can be in the form of an establishment as special tax to incomes of persons with higher education, and higher rates of the income or uniform social tax for such persons. The tax can be raised during the certain period or all life, the interest rate can change depending on cost of this or that program of training.
In practice such taxation is applied in Australia and New Zealand. The tax rate makes from 2 to 4 % from incomes of the persons who have finished high schools. After payment of the full sum of a debt the tax ceases to be raised. Scales of evasion from the given kind of the taxation not so are great, as a non-return of educational credits. It is connected by that the tax to persons with higher education allows to carry out direct coordination of the sizes of payments for the received higher education with level of actual incomes of each concrete graduate of high school. On persons with higher incomes the burden of payments for persons with modest incomes is partially transferred. Creation of an original insurance pool reduces individual risks of a capture of the credit for higher education reception - first of all, risk of impossibility of return of extra means because of low incomes of the graduate of high school. Thus, pupils, впоследствие got a job in socially significant sphere for a society, but low incomes receiving thus, or women with children, will not be restrained.
As practice, in some countries shows the credit — not panacea. For example, in Sweden for last 20 years the share of maintenance of students at the expense of credits has decreased from 95 % to 70 %. The share of grants has thus grown. According to experts, this situation is caused by that students experience difficulties with repayment of promissory notes. Most talented of them, capable to receive the grant, very much try to release themselves from long debt burden – at some it turns out successfully, the rests таки should take the credit.
In the majority of the countries the system of educational crediting is debugged and functions quite effectively. The original parity of the parties when the creditor — whether it be the state or commercial bank — receives the guarantees fixed at legislative level is thus observed. Students in turn also remain are happy. Whether this system in Russia will get accustomed, will show time. For the present moment, by data statisticans, 60 % of the Russian students study on paid branches of high schools, only 8 from which give to the students possibility not at once to pay the got education. To push system of educational crediting to development and distribution owe the project «the Federal law on educational credits», developed GU-VSHE and Association of the Russian banks (АРБ) and submitted to consideration in Committee by training and State Duma sciences, and also occurrence of programs of the educational crediting offering to students rather sparing – in comparison with other, already existing – loan conditions
Perhaps, from all foreign the most indicative is the system of educational crediting in the USA, where all higher education - paid. Here the large sums on training payment stand out to students on an extent already more than forty years. The system operating during so long period, is fulfilled to the smallest details, - functions practically without failures. According to the state concept, possibility to get the credit for education should be at each citizen of the country.
The American system differs the big variety of forms of educational credits. Depending on the academic abilities of the borrower, a financial position of his family and many other things factors, last can count on one or several various kinds одалживания a money for education.
In the USA to creditor banks return of student's loans guarantees the state. If the student declares itself the bankrupt, the Ministry of Education pays to bank its debts. It is natural, that for prevention of this situation the whole system of preventive maintenance of the student's bankruptcies, functioning so regularly is created, that level of non-returns of student's credits makes in America now is equal 5 %.
Certainly, presence of system of crediting in each country means presence of a problem of default of credit obligations. First of all, it concerns those countries where the credit gives the state. To reduce to a minimum percent of non-returns, various methods are used. In particular, for a long time the scheme of the state educational credit is developed, payments on which are connected with surtax payment. As a matter of fact, this collective solidary compensation by all graduates of high schools of expenses which were incurred by the state on their training. The educational credit is received not by separate students, and community of the trained. Eventually the given community returns the borrowed money. Thus separate individuals can be released from burden of payments in general. One of ways of realisation of the given approach — the taxation of persons with higher education. It can be in the form of an establishment as special tax to incomes of persons with higher education, and higher rates of the income or uniform social tax for such persons. The tax can be raised during the certain period or all life, the interest rate can change depending on cost of this or that program of training.
In practice such taxation is applied in Australia and New Zealand. The tax rate makes from 2 to 4 % from incomes of the persons who have finished high schools. After payment of the full sum of a debt the tax ceases to be raised. Scales of evasion from the given kind of the taxation not so are great, as a non-return of educational credits. It is connected by that the tax to persons with higher education allows to carry out direct coordination of the sizes of payments for the received higher education with level of actual incomes of each concrete graduate of high school. On persons with higher incomes the burden of payments for persons with modest incomes is partially transferred. Creation of an original insurance pool reduces individual risks of a capture of the credit for higher education reception - first of all, risk of impossibility of return of extra means because of low incomes of the graduate of high school. Thus, pupils, впоследствие got a job in socially significant sphere for a society, but low incomes receiving thus, or women with children, will not be restrained.
As practice, in some countries shows the credit — not panacea. For example, in Sweden for last 20 years the share of maintenance of students at the expense of credits has decreased from 95 % to 70 %. The share of grants has thus grown. According to experts, this situation is caused by that students experience difficulties with repayment of promissory notes. Most talented of them, capable to receive the grant, very much try to release themselves from long debt burden – at some it turns out successfully, the rests таки should take the credit.
In the majority of the countries the system of educational crediting is debugged and functions quite effectively. The original parity of the parties when the creditor — whether it be the state or commercial bank — receives the guarantees fixed at legislative level is thus observed. Students in turn also remain are happy. Whether this system in Russia will get accustomed, will show time. For the present moment, by data statisticans, 60 % of the Russian students study on paid branches of high schools, only 8 from which give to the students possibility not at once to pay the got education. To push system of educational crediting to development and distribution owe the project «the Federal law on educational credits», developed GU-VSHE and Association of the Russian banks (АРБ) and submitted to consideration in Committee by training and State Duma sciences, and also occurrence of programs of the educational crediting offering to students rather sparing – in comparison with other, already existing – loan conditions
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